How to run Jenkins from a Docker Container

Installation

Install Docker

Enable Virtualization, Install VirtualBox, Install Docker

Create Directory

Create a new directory from Terminal
- mkdir ~\Docker\Jenkins

Build docker image and run

Execute the command below from the newly created directory.

docker run
  -u root
  --rm
  -d
  -p 8080:8080
  -p 50000:50000
  -v ~/Docker/Jenkins:/var/jenkins_home
  -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
  --name jenkins 
  jenkinsci/blueocean

Each flag from the above command is described more thoroughly below
- -u root - is needed to be able bind docker service with jenkins
- --rm - is used to remove this container after finishing the run
- -d - run as daemon, so you can detach console window
- -p 8080:8080 and -p 50000:50000 - expose jenkins ports for main Jenkins and slave communication
- ~/Docker/Jenkins - my created directory
- -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock - mount/bid docker sockets
- --name jenkins - alias for created container - e.g. to be able login docker machine easily
- jenkinsci/blueocean - name of docker used to create Jenkins - released every time when new blue ocean is released
Single line view below

docker run -u root --rm -d -p 8080:8080 -p 50000:50000 -v ~/Docker/Jenkins:/var/jenkins_home -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --name jenkins jenkinsci/blueocean

Jenkins configuration

Open web browser and type address localhost:8080
The /var/jenkins_home/secrets/initialAdminPassword file is located under mounted place.
- For example if /var/jenkins_home is “mapped” to ~/Docker/Jenkins, then file is located at ~/Docker/Jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword

Starting Jenkins

Interacting with Container

Running created container

Execute the command below to run the newly created container.

docker container start jenkins

Listing running container

docker container ls --all

Executing the command above should yield an output comparable to that below.

docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                              NAMES
42e3edd6087b        jenkinsci/blueocean   "/sbin/tini -- /usr/…"   12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes       0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, 0.0.0.0:50000->50000/tcp   jenkins

Stop container

Execute the command below to stop the container.
- Note: You can also use Container ID instead alias name

docker container stop jenkins

Remove container

Execute the command below to remove the container.
- Note: Stopping and removing container is also required to be able rebuild docker (container)

docker container rm jenkins

Remove image

Execute the command below to remove the image.

docker image rm jenkinsci/blueocean

Bulk removing images and containers:

#!/bin/bash
# Delete all containers
docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
# Delete all images
docker rmi $(docker images -q)

Sources

https://github.com/auriuki/jenkins-docker